It’s that time of year again. Cold, dark evenings, snuggled up under a blanket with a book and a cup of tea, at least in Europe. The Christmas atmosphere in the air that makes these evenings so special. What are the unique Christmas traditions in European countries? Does every country really have different customs?
Whether you are travelling for the holidays or staying at home, this blog post will take you to different countries in Europe to explore the different Christmas traditions.
Come on, this pre-Christmas journey with me and explore European traditions.
1. Christmas Swim – a tradition in Ireland
The often chilly and rainy weather in Ireland doesn’t hold the locals back from going for dips in the Irish Sea, Atlantic Ocean, or smaller rivers and lakes. Yes, even in the frigid wintertime.
Many Irish people are quick to proclaim the health benefits of taking a cold swim, and many of them swim regularly. They believe that the cold water eases anxiety, is good for heart health, and promotes increased energy levels.
In Ireland, Christmas swimming is a tradition practiced throughout the country. On Christmas Day, locals gather in small or large groups on the beach and run into the sea. As a bonus, many Christmas swim events are sponsored on behalf of local charities. This is a great way to give back to the community while celebrating the holiday.
If you want to try going for a Christmas swim in Ireland, Dublin is one of the best places to visit. The Forty Foot is a popular swimming area near Sandycove on the southern tip of Dublin Bay. It’s also one of the best places to go for a Christmas swim, when locals from around Dublin will head out into the cold waters.
Be sure to have plenty of towels and warm clothes to change into because your feet will quickly go numb in the cold water. For an even more unique experience, you could book an hour in an Irish sauna, then alternate between the warm sauna and going for cold swims in the sea. Many saunas run packages around Christmas Day to accommodate Christmas swims.
Contributed by Amber from Amber Everywhere
2. Galette des Rois – France Christmas Tradition
One of the most beloved Christmas Tradition in France is the Galette des Rois. Traditionally, the French only serve it on Epiphany, January 6. But this round, puff pastry cake filled with sweet frangipane. The cake is omnipresent in French bakeries and grocery stores throughout the entire festive season.
But what makes this French version of the Three Kings Cake so special? It is unbelievably delicious, but there is more to it. Because beyond the scrumptious layers of pastry and creamy almond filling, it’s the embedded “fève” – a small figurine – that really sets this cake apart. And unlocks a real ceremony.
The youngest family member gets the honor of hiding under the table, directing who gets each slice. Find the fève in your piece, and you’re crowned the king or queen for the day. The Galette is not just about its deliciousness, it’s a social gathering that everyone is eager to participate in. A truly unique Christmas tradition.
If you are in Paris in January, you have a Galette des Rois with your colleagues, with your family once or twice or more. Or enjoy the dessert during Christmas time with your friends.
Variations of this cake do exist. Some regions in France opt for a brioche-style cake, but the puff pastry version is most common. The cake is now primarily used to celebrate the 3 Kings. The cake contains a hidden fève symbolizing Baby Jesus. This tradition dates back to ancient times.
The Galette des Rois originates from Roman Saturnalia, a late December festival. During this festival, a slave would become “King of the Day” and to assure fairness in the selection. They would hide a bean in a cake. And you guessed right, the one who got bean became king.
Contributed by Lena from Salut from Paris
3. La Befana – Italy’s unique Christmas custom
One of the really great things about celebrating Christmas in Italy is the fact that the holiday celebrations run through the New Year and right up to January 6th. The Epiphany, celebrating the Magi’s visit to the baby Jesus, is actually a significant holiday all over the country.
Part of the celebrations for the Epiphany includes a quirky tradition involving a visit from La Befana. Believed to have started as early as the 13th century, the tradition of getting a visit from La Befana is just as anticipated by Italian children as Santa Claus himself.
According to legend, the Three Wise Men approached La Befana, a poor old woman riding a broomstick, on their way to visit the baby Jesus. They asked for directions and invited her to join them, but she declined. Later, she regretted her decision and set off to find the baby. But she got lost and never found him.
To this day, La Befana continues her search and delivers gifts to children on January 5th, the eve of the Epiphany. A traditional Christmas celebration in Italy.
Modern Italian children celebrate La Befana by hanging stockings or putting out their shoes by the fireplace. If the children have been good, she will fill the stockings (or shoes) with small gifts and sweets. If not, La Befana traditionally leaves a lump of coal.
In fact, many Italian shops have begun to capitalize on this tradition by selling ‘coal’ for La Befana. Even the naughty kids can still enjoy a sweet treat by purchasing carbone, or black rock candy that actually looks like pieces of coal.
Traditionally, children leave out a glass of wine and some regional treats, like panettone or other sweets for La Befana. These tokens of gratitude vary depending on the region of Italy, but always include something sweet.
Contributed by Marianne from Pasta Pretzels & Passports
4. Caga Tió in Catalonia – celebrating Christmas in Spain
Spanish people celebrate Christmas a little differently than in many other European countries. But with such cultural diversity in the country, each region of Spain celebrates Christmas with its own cultural characteristics. Particularly outstanding are the Christmas traditions in Catalonia.
Arguably the most unusual of these is the Tió de Nadal (“Christmas log”), which many people simply call Caga Tió (“poop log”). You can find that in almost every Catalan home during the Spanish Christmas period – which in Spain lasts until the Three Kings’ Day on January 6th. Families with children, in particular, like to take the Catalan log into their homes. The Christmas tradition begins when the wooden block, with its painted face and typical Catalan red hat, is “found” in the festive season. The children then take it home and cover it with a blanket. The children “feed” him daily with fruit and fresh milk.
On Three Kings’ Day, when the Tió has eaten its fill, the children sing the Caga Tió song while beating the log with sticks. As they do so, it poops out the presents under the blanket – which, of course, the parents did not hide under the blanket beforehand ;). You can imagine it a bit like a Catalan wooden version of a piñata.
The Tió de Nadal is a great souvenir not only for local families but also for visitors of all ages. You can find them all over Catalonia during the Christmas season, for example, at one of the Christmas markets in Barcelona.
Contributed by Vicki from Vicki Viaja
5. Three Kings parade in Spain
The Three Kings parade, or “Cabalgata de los Reyes Magos”, in Spain is a vibrant and cherished Christmas tradition. This tradition adds a magical touch to the holiday season. Rooted in history, this enchanting spectacle dates back to medieval times. The fest symbolizes the journey of the Three Wise Men, or the Magi. Who followed the star to Bethlehem to deliver gifts to the newborn Jesus.
Held annually on January 5th in the afternoon. The parade transforms streets across Spain into lively avenues filled with music, color, and excitement. The anticipation builds as spectators line the route, eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Three Kings on elaborately decorated floats. These majestic processions feature dazzling costumes, live music, and enthusiastic participants, creating an unforgettable experience.
One of the most authentic ways to immerse yourself in this Christmas tradition is to witness the Three Kings parade in Valencia. Christmas in Valencia has its own unique flair, as the Three Wise Men arrive by boat in the marina.
As the parade unfolds, families gather to catch a glimpse of the Kings and the host of beloved characters, filling the air with excitement.
After the parade, families head home and kids leave water and bread for the camels. As well as a glass of milk (or something stronger) and turrón for the Magi. The Kings then stop by during the night. He leaves presents for the good kids and sweet, coal shaped candy for the naughty ones. A Christmas custom in Europe that you shouldn’t miss.
Contributed by Valencia Revealed from Valencia Revealed
6. The Yule Book Flood, Christmas tradition in Iceland
With a long-standing love for literature deeply ingrained in its culture. Iceland celebrates Christmas by exchanging books and spending cozy evenings immersed in stories. The tradition of the Yule Book Flood, or Jólabókaflóð (pronounced yo-la-bok-a-flot), dates back to World War II. When imports into Iceland were restricted due to economic constraints. As a result, Icelandic publishers began releasing most of their new titles during the holiday season. This ensured Icelanders books to exchange during the holidays.
Since then, this Christmas tradition has become very popular and is now a big part of Icelandic culture. In Iceland, before Christmas Eve, bookstores get lots of new books from local and foreign authors. The country’s publishers release a plethora of titles specifically for this occasion. Ensuring that there is an abundance of choices for readers of all ages and interests.
On Christmas Eve itself, it is customary for everyone to exchange books as presents. Family members and friends gather together at home or in a cozy café with their new literary treasures. In the evening, you can enjoy reading and have hot cocoa or traditional Icelandic treats. Some examples are Laufabrauð (leaf bread) or kleina (fried dough).
This unique book-giving tradition encourages reading as a favored pastime during the holiday season. It fosters a love for literature among people of all ages and creates a warm atmosphere. Where families can come together to share stories and engage with each other through the written word.
To experience a bit of the Yule Book Flood, simply head out to any bookstore in Iceland. There you find deals and promotions. For Reykjavik, find Penninn Eymundsson on Austurstræti. They have a decent English section and a great cafe upstairs. A truly unique way to share an Icelandic custom and experience a wonderful pastime during the cold pre-Christmas days of Europe.
Contributed by Mackenzie Jervis from A Wandering Scribbler
7. Traditional Christmas Food in Portugal
Some of the most fascinating (and delicious!) Christmas traditions in Portugal involve their holiday food.
Portuguese Christmas dishes have traditional recipes passed down through generations, rooted in historical events.
The most iconic Christmas dish is named after the consoada, which is eaten on Christmas Eve. This tradition comes from the country’s Catholic background, which meant they would fast and abstain from meat on holy days. After evening mass, they would breakfast with a comforting meal. The term consoada comes from the Latin word consolata, which means “comforted.”
The typical meal includes Bacalhau da Consoada, a dish that consists of salted codfish served with boiled potatoes, cabbage, and carrots.
Along with this, the Portuguese often fix Roupa Velma. This is a combination of leftovers from Christmas dinner, including boiled fish, potatoes, and greens. There are lots of variations to this dish and each family typically has their own special recipe.
Another essential holiday recipe often eaten during winter in Portugal is Cabrito Assado, or roasted goat. The Portuguese typically reserved this dish for special occasions because of its high price. This succulent dish is usually eaten on Christmas Day or at family celebrations.
Make sure you save room for dessert! In Portugal, you’ll get to enjoy Bolo Rei, or King Cake, a sweet, fruit-filled cake with a round, large hole in the middle, symbolizing a crown. In the traditional Christmas cake, people hide a dried fava bean and a small prize. The person who finds the prize has good luck in the coming year, while the person who finds the fava bean must take care of next year’s Bolo Rei.
This is a unique way you can experience an authentic Christmas Tradition in Europe.
Contributed by Sydney of Sydney to Anywhere
8. Samichlausschwimmen in Switzerland
Regarding embracing quirky customs, Zurich, Switzerland, takes the prize with the peculiarly delightful tradition of St. Nicholas swimming! This event is also known as Samichlausschwimmen. Local and visitors adore this modern phenomenon.
This custom involves people jumping into the freezing Limmat River dressed as Santa Claus, St. Nicholas, or other festive characters. This event is usually held in early December, adding an eccentric and icy edge to the pre-Christmas festivities. It is a fun event for your 2 days in Switzerland itinerary.
The custom is not an ancient Christmas tradition, but it has grown in popularity recently. It is a fun and joyful way to enjoy the holiday season. Zürileu Swimming Events founded St. Nicholas Swimming in 2000. Now it is the second most popular winter swimming event in Switzerland.
Participants usually meet on the Limmat River’s banks, wear Christmas hats, and jump into the freezing water. They usually wear nothing but swimsuits. In order to collect money for charity. It is a memorable and exciting display for observers.
Zurich has a rich history, fabulous architecture, and a thriving cultural scene. This is quite a unique tradition that people celebrate in Zurich. It is a great example of the Swedish sense of community and how they enjoy winter to the fullest.
Experiencing Samichlausschwimmen in Zurich allows tourists to observe a blend of tradition and modern celebration in this gorgeous Swiss city. The event shows the festive atmosphere of Christmas in Europe. While adding a dash of adventure and fun to the holiday season.
Contributed by Lavina D’Souza from Continent Hop
9. Mikulas Day is a Christmas tradition in the Czech Republic
Czechia boasts a unique and interesting Christmas tradition known as Mikuláš Day. Rooted in centuries-old customs, this festive celebration takes place on the evening of December 5th. For many, is the start of the holiday season.
Mikulás Day, known as St. Nicholas Day in other areas of Europe, honours Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of children. The story of St. Nicholas’ generosity has been around for centuries. Over the years, has become associated with the story of Santa Claus, the bringer of gifts. While Santa Claus comes at the end of December, Europeans celebrate St. Nicolas Day at the beginning of December.
On the eve of Mikulás Day, children across the Czech Republic eagerly await a visit from Mikuláš. Who traditionally visits the homes of children at night and leaves treats in their shoes.
Earlier in the evening, Mikulás and his companions, the angel and the devil. They walk throughout towns and villages in the Czech Republic. Mikuláš, often portrayed as a kindly bishop, rewards well-behaved children with small gifts, sweets and nuts. While the angel takes note of the children’s names and the devil may playfully tease or mark children’s faces with soot.
You can see this trio in places like Prague’s Christmas Markets. There you’ll see many groups dressed up like Mikuláš, his angel and the devil, walking through the streets. The devil often dresses in fur and is wearing bells. And there are people selling lighted headbands with devil horns for children to wear.
There are celebrations and events for children in the town square. It’s a popular event with many families coming out to participate before heading home to prepare their shoes for the arrival of Mikulás later that night.
Contributed by Erin of Wanderlustwithkids
10. Nativity Scenes in Italy
The tradition of setting up a nativity scene in the home is as popular among Italian families. As that of decorating Christmas trees. It involves staging the nativity using colored paper and small figurines. The basic element is the hut or grotto containing the figures of Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus. They were in the days immediately following the latter’s birth.
Also commonly used are figurines of the ox and donkey that, according to legend, were present in the stable at the time of Jesus Christ’s birth. Nativity enthusiasts stage the entire village of Bethlehem. With the little houses, the animals, and the people intent on their daily activities.
The custom of depicting the nativity dates back to at least the 4-5th century AD. When early Christians depicted it on church walls. In year 1223, the Italian friar known as St. Francis of Assisi visited Bethlehem. Upon returning home, staged the nativity in a cave in Greccio, a town near Rome.
The purpose was to revive the story of Jesus’ birth to the faithful, most of whom were illiterate. That was the first living nativity scene in history. Besides the homes of Italians, nativity scenes populate their churches and piazzas.
In Manarola, a village in the Cinque Terre, you can find a living nativity scene every year on Christmas Day.
In terms of figurines, the primacy goes to Naples, a city in southern Italy. Neapolitan artisans, famous for their creativity, love to create figurines that represent both traditional and current characters.
If you visit Naples during the Christmas season, you cannot miss a walk along the Via di San Gregorio Armeno St.. Here you will find dozens of workshops displaying nativity figurines made of wood and other materials, a triumph of color and imagination. A great way to see Italy’s Christmas tradition and craftsmanship firsthand.
Contributed by Lisa of I’m Learning Italian
[…] mentioned above, Christmas Eve is celebrated on December 24th in Austria (as well as in many other European countries).In my family we have raclette for Christmas dinner. The dessert, of course, is Christmas cookies. […]